dEI;qVj dks pkyq djuk
© dEI;qVj dks pkyq djrs le; fdu & fdu ckrks dk /;ku j[kuk pkfg,%&
dEI;qVj dks pkyq djus ls igys ª dEI;qVj ls dsfcy lgh tq³h gqbZ gSa ;k ugh] dEI;qVj ls dsfcy lgh tq³us
ds ckn ikWoj lIykbZ ds cVu dks vkWu djuk & ekWuhVj dk LVkVZ cVu pkyq djuk
& ckn lh-ih-;q dk LVkVZ cVu pkyq djuk ij ekWuhVj ij cqfVUx gksrh gqbZ
fn[ksxhA cqfVUx ds nkSjku key bord o
ekml dk dksbZ Hkh cVu DeskTop vkus
rd ugh nck;saA
© dEi;Vj dks pkyw djus ls igys key Bord, Moniter, C.P.U, mause
dks vPNh rjg ls lkQ djuk
pkfg,] ª dEi;Vj ds vUnj ,d Qsu yxk gqvk gksrk gS tks ckgj dh gok dks [khapdj c.p.u ds vUnj okys Hkkx dks dks B.Mk j[krk gSaA blds
LkkFk MsLV Hkh [khap ysrk gSa] blfy, dEI;wVj ds lHkh Hkkx dks vPNh rjg lkQ djuk
pkfg,A
© Computer dks on
djrs oDr fdu & fdu ckrks dk /;ku j[kuk pkfg, \
ü UPS
¼;w-ih-,l-½
pkyw ugha gks jgk gS \
ü loZizFke ;wih,l
dks pkyw djsa ;fn baMhdsVj ugh tyrk gS rks ikoj dsfcy dks pSd djsa ,oa dl nsaA
ü ;fn baMhdsVj ty
jgk gS rks cVu nckdj dEI;wVj dks pkyw djsaA ;fn fQj Hkh dEI;wVj pkyw ugha gks
jgk gS rks ;w-ih-,l- pktZ djsaA
ü cSVjh pktZ ugha
gks jgh gS \
;fn ;w-ih-,l- dh cSVjh pktZ ugha gks jgh gS
rks cSVjh dks cnyok;sA
ü ;w-ih-,l- dks pSd djs dh pktZ gks jgk gSaa ;k ugh] vxj oks pktZ ugh gks jgk gSa
rks mls fBd djokos ;k cnyok;saA
ü dEI;wVj pkyw ugha
gks jgk gS \
ü loZizFke ;w-ih-,l-
dks vkWu djsa] ;fn baMhdsVj vkWu gks jgk gS rks cVu nckdj dEI;wVj dks pkyw djsa
dqN nsj i'pkr~ dEI;wVj pkyw gks tk;sxk ;fn ,slk u gks jgk gks rks dEI;wVj ds
ihNs ds lHkh rkjksa dks dl nsaA
ü UPS ls ysdj Electric Bord rd dsfcy tkrh gSa mldks pSd djs dh oks dgh sparking ugh dj jghA
ü CPU ds vUnj yxh lHkh dscyks dks pSd djsa] vxj Loose gSa rks Bhd dj nsaA
© CPU dk start
Butten dks on djsaA
ü foUMkst 'kq: ugha
gks jgk gS \
foUMkst
lkW¶Vos;j dh lhMh dks lh-Mh- MªkbZo esa Mkydj fjis;j djsa ;fn vc Hkh dqN ugha
gksrk gS rks foUMks lkW¶Vos;j dks Mkmu yksM djuk gh bldk ,d ek= mik; gSaA
ü Booting ds nkSjku key Bord o ekml ls dqN Hkh Ns³Nk³ u
djsaA
ü Desktop vkus ij tks Screen ij Error vkrh
gSa mldks close
djsaA
ü computer dks Refresh
djsaA
© ekml dks id³us dks rjhdk %& ekml ds ,d ys¶V o
,d jkbZV cVu dks id³us ds fy, ,d vaxqyh ys¶V o ,d vaxqyh jkbZV ij j[kdj ekml
dks pyk;k tkrk gSaaA rhljk cVu ohy ¼pDdjh½ dks ?kqekdj ist dks Åij & uhps
djds ns[k ldrs gSaA
©
ekml ds
ikWoj dsfcy ugh gksrh gSa MkVk dsfcy gksrh gSaA ekml dk dke fdlh vksilu dks
pquus ds fy, ;k lysDV djus ds fy, iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSaA ekml c.p.u ls
MkVk dsfcy tq³h gqbZ gksrh gSaA
©
Key
Bord ds ikoj dsfcy ugh gksrh
gSa MkVk dsfcy gksrh gSaA tks c.p.u
ls MkVk dsfcy tq³h gqbZ gksrh gSaA
©
IkkWoj
dsfcy eksuhVj o c.p.u esa yxh gqbZ gksrh gSaA
©
eksfuVj
}kjk dEI;wVj esa dke fd;k tkrk gSaA mls ns[kus ds fy, dke vkrk gSaA dEI;wVj es
izksxzke dks [kksydj ns[kus ds fy, eksfuVj dke vkrk gSaA
©
fizUVj
%& fizUVj MsVk (Matter) dks Nkius ds fy, dke vkrk gSaA fizUVj Nkius ds dke vkrk gSaA
©
Device
dk vFkZ gS midj.kA
© C.P.U - izkslsflax ;wfuV gSaA
© dEI;wVj ds lHkh
midj.k ¼lh-ih-;w-] eksuhVj] key cksMZ] o ekml½ dks
feykdj ,d dEI;wVj curk gSaA dE;wVj ds fgLls o iwtksZ dks feykdj dEI;wVj curk
gSaA
©
buiqV
midj.k dEI;wVj ds os midj.k ftuds e/;e ls ge dEI;wVj dks MsVk o funsZ’k nsrs
gSaA 2 MsVk dgykrk gSaa] + iYl] ;g tks³us ds fy, funsZ’k nsrs gSA ekbZd] eksfuVj] dh cksMZ] eksckby]
osc dsejk
©
vkmV
midj.k %&dEI;wVj ds fgLlks dks
midj.k dgrs gSaA dEI;wVj ds os midj.k ftuds ek/;e ls ge dEI;wVj ls ifj.kke
izkIr djrs gSaA eksfuVj] fizUVj ] Lihdj] izkstsDVj
©
eksfuVj
%& dksbZ Hkh fjtYV ns[kus ds fy,s dke vkrk gSaA
©
izkstsDVj
%&c³h LØhu ds :i esa ns[kus ds fy,
izkstsDV dke vkrk gSaA
© dEI;wVj gSax gks
x;k gS \
ü ;fn dh&cksMZ
dh dksbZ dh (Key) nckus ij vkokt ugha vkrh gSa rks Alt +F4 nck;sa izrh{kk djsa ;fn 10 lSds.M rd dqN Hkh
ugha gks rks Alt
+Ctrl+Delete
nck;sa A VkLd eSustj iznf’kZr gksxkA tgka Not Responding fy[kk gks ftls High Light dj End
Task
nck;sa rFkk dqN le; izrh{kk djsaA dEI;wVj Bhd ls pyus yxsxk] ;fn vHkh Hkh dqN
ugha gksrk gS rks dEI;wVj dks Restart djsaA
© dEI;qVj dks LVkVZ djuk %& dEI;qVj es miyC/k
izksxzke dks 'kq: djus ds fy, LVkVZ cVu dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSaA dEI;qVj dks
LVkVZ djus ds fy, LVkVZ ehuw (menu) ij Dyhd djus ls ;k ctrl+Esc
dk cVu nckus ij LVkVZ ehuw vk tk,xsaA
;gka vki vko';drkuwlkj miyC/k izksxzke es fdlh ,d izksxzke ij Dyhd dj mls [kksy
ldrs gSaA
©
Start Menu :- Start Menu ds ehuw dks key bord ls vksiu djuk %& 'kksVZdV rjhdk
& ctrl+ Esc nckus ls Start Menu ds vksilu vksiu gksxsaA
© LVkVZ esuw (Start
Menu) – MsLdVkWi ds ckWbZ lkbZM esa LVkVZ cVu gksrk
gSA bl ij Click djus ij fuEu izdkj ls Start Menu
Open gksxk ftlesa Shut
Down, Run , Help, Search , Documents, Programs vkfn Options gksrs gSA
© Booting dh ijhHkk"kk %& c.p.u dk start butten dks press¼nckus½
djus
ls ysdj MsLdVksi rd [kqyus okys fMokbl ¼izksxzke½ izfØ;k dks booting dgykrs gSaA Booting ds nkSjku key Bord o ekml dk dksbZ Hkh cVu
ugh nckuk pkfg,A
© dEI;qVj 'kV Mkmu (Shut Down) djuk %&
ü dEI;qVj dks cUn
dSls fd;k tkrk gSaa \ &
ü dEI;qVj es lcls
igys [kqyh QkbZyks ;k izksxzke dks close djus ds ckn start botton ij Dyhd djs] LVkVZ cVu VkLdckj iVVh ij fn[kkbZ ns jgk gSA shut down ij Dyhd djus ls ;gkW Shut Down dEI;wVj dk Mk;ykWx ckWDl
fn[kkbZ nsxkA Shut Down vkbdu ij Dyhd
djsaxsA gekjk dEI;wVj shut down gks tk;sxkA
ü computer dks off
djrs oDr fdu& fdu ckrks dk /;ku j[kuk pkfg, \
ü Answer –
Desktop ij QkbZy o QksYMj vksiu gSa mudks save djds close
djsA
ü QkbZy o QksYMj dks close djus
dk rjhdk gSa] VkbZVy ckj ds jkbZV lkbZM esa tks close (x) ij ekml ls Dyhd djsaA
ü Task bar ij Start
Butten ij Dyhd djsa] shutt Down ij Dyhd djsaA
ü key Bord ls djs rks Alt+F4 key nck;s QkbZy o QksYMj Dykst
gks tk,xk] vkSj Alt+F4 key nck;s rks computer
shutt Down ekaxsxkA Enter nckus
ls computer
shutt Down gks tk,xkA
© fo.Mkst ¼dEI;qVj½ dks 'kV Mkmu djuk %& System ij dke djus ds ckn
;fn cUn djuk gks rks ge bl Option dks dke esa ysrs gSA System dks Shut Down djus ls igys gesa Open Programs o Files dks Close djuk gksxkA fo.Mkst
dks 'kV Mkmu djus ds fy, LVkVZ cVu ij Dyhd dj shut Down dek.M ij Dyhd dj ok djus ls ;k ctrl+F4
key nckdj Enter nckus
ls fo.Mkst 'kV Mkmu gks tk,xkA
© foUMks dks cUn
djuk%& fdlh foaMks dks cUn djus ds fy;s close cVu ij Dyhd djus ls foUMks cUn gks tkrk gSaA dksbZ Hkh
izksxzke py jgk gSa oks izksxzke ogh lekIr dj fn;k tk;sxkA
© foUMks dks ljdkuk
%& fdlh Hkh foUMks dks MsLdVkWi ij dgha Hkh vklkuh ls ys tk ldrs gSaA
foUMks dks Restore Down cVu ij Dyhd djus ds ckn] ekml
IokbaVj dks VkbZVy ckj ij ys tkdj ck;ka cVu dks nckdj [khapdj vius eupkgs LFkku
ij ys tk ldrs gSaA
© fo.Mkst cSfld (window Baisic) %&
esuw ¼menu½ & esU;w ckj fo.Mkst es VkbZVy ckj ds Bhd uhps ,d fo.Mks miyC/k
gksrk gSaA ehuw ckj ij Dyhd djus ls lc ehuw vksiu gksrs gSa ftl ij vusd dek.M
gksrs gSaA ftUks vki ekml ;k 'kksVZdV dek.M key lgk;rk ls dk;kZfUor dj ldrs gSaA
© dEI;wVj dk iwjk uke
C - Calculate
¼dsydqysV½ & x.kuk
djukA
O - Operate
¼vkWijsV½
& pykukA
M - Memory ¼eseksjh½ &
Le`frA
P - Processing ¼izkslsflax½
& lEikfnr ;k dk;Z djukA
U - Update ¼viMsV½
& tkudkjhA
T - Tabulator ¼VscqysVj½
& dk;Z ] lkj.khA
E - Edit ¼,fMV½ & tks³ukA
R - Responsible ¼fjliksaflcy½ & mRjnkfoRoA
© dEI;wVj dh
ifjHkk"kk %& dEI;wVj ,d ,lh bySDVªksfud e’khu gS tks ;wtj ¼iz;ksxdrkZ½
}kjk fn;s x;s funsZ’kks ij izkslsflx dj
buiqV fMokbZlks ds ek/;e ls MsVk ,oa funsZ'kks vuqlkj izkslsflax djrk gSa]
izkslsflax Ik';kr rS;kj ifj.kke lxzg.k gksdj iqu iz;ksx drkZ dks vkmViqV
fMokbZlks ds ek/;e ls rst xfr o de le; es lgh ifj.kke nsrh gSaA dEI;wVj dks E.D.P.
(Electronic data processing) e'khu dgrs gSa
© dEI;qVj
%& dEI;qVj ,d bysDVªksfud e’khu gSa] tks ;wtj }kjk MkVk o funsZ’k
xzg.k djrk gSaA rr~ i’pkr funsZ’kkuqlkj izkslsflax djrk gSa] laxzg.k djrk gSa]
laxzg.k ds ckn 'kq) vkSj rhoz xfr ls ifj.kke iznku djrk gSa] dEI;qVj dgykrk
gSaA
© dEI;qVj dh
Hkk"kk & dEI;qVj ck;ujh Hkk"kk es cuk gqvk gSaA ck;ujh uEcj bl
izdkj gSaA 8421,
0011, 0010, 0001
1. 01 – ck;ujh
flLVe uEcj] 2.
0 ls yxkrkj 7 rd
vksDVy (octl)
uEcj] 3. 0 ls
yxkrkj 9
cslh;y uEcj] 4. 0 ls
9 rd o A ls F rd gxlk Mslhey (Hexa Decimal)
Mslhey uEcj & 0001, 0010, 0011, 0100, 0101, 0110 ,
0111,1000, 1001, 1010, 1011,
Exex
detion –1010 A,1011 B,1100 C,1101 D, 1110 E, 1111 F,
© gSafdx %& gSafdx dk
vFkZ gSa& ekyhd vFkkZr ;wtj ¼iz;ksxdrkZ½ ds fcuk vuqefr ds mlds dEI;wVj
flLVe dks xyr funsZ’k nsdj & vijk/k djus dk mns’; gksrk gSaA
©
;g vkbZ-ih-vks- (Input
Processing and Output) ds vk/kkj ij dk;Z djrh gSA
© dEI;wVj ds iqtsZ o lajpuk%& dEI;wVj dh dk;Z lajpuk eq[;r% rhu
Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr gS %&
© lh-ih-;w%& ;g buiqV ;wfuV }kjk izkIr lwpukvksa o vkWdMksa ij
dk;Z djds pkgk x;k ifj.kke rS;kj djrk gSA lasVªy izkslsflax ;wfuV dks
dEI;wVj dk efLr"d ¼dEI;wVj dk fnekx½ dgk tkrk gS] bldk laidZ dEI;wVj ds lkjs ?kVdksa ls tqMk
jgrk gSA lh-ih-;w dh dk;Z xfr dks esxk gV~Zt esa ekik tkrk gSA dEI;wVj esa ,d
?kM+h gksrh gS tks izR;sd ?kVd ds le; dk ys[kk tks[kk j[krh gSA ,d gV~Zt dk
vFkZ ,d lsd.M esa ?kMh dh ,d gV~Zt iYl gSA lkekU;r% ih-lh 16 ls 120 esxk gV~Zt
xfr ls pyrk gSA
© C.P.U (dsUnzh; lalk/ku
bZdkbZ)
dks pkj
Hkkxks es ckVk x;k gSa %& 1 A. L.U :- Alrthrnefic and logic unit 2. C .
U :- control unit 3. Ragistar
4. Memory
©
dsUnzh; lalk/ku bZdkbZ ¼Central Processing Unit½ %& dEI;wVj dk ;g Hkkx fof'k"V ekuk tkrk gS D;ksafd ;gh
Hkkx dEI;wVj dks fn;s tkus okys lkjs izksxzkeksa dks pykrk gSA
© buiqV fMokbZl
%& dEI;wVj esa vk¡dMs o lwpuk nsuk bl Hkkx ds varxZr vkrk gSA ftu midj.kks
ds ek/;e ls dEI;qVj dks funsZ'k nsdj dk;Z fd;k tkrk gSaA dhcksMZ] ekml]
eksuhVj] Ldsuj]
© buiqV fMokbZl
%& buiqV fMokbZl os gkMZos;j gSa] ftldk mi;ksx
gekjs le>us ;ksX; 'kCnksa] ?ouh]fp= rFkk fØ;kvksa dks ml #i esa vuqokn djus
ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gS] ftls flLVe ;wfuV izkslsl dj ldsA tSls] oMZ izkslslj dk
mi;ksx djrs le; dhcksMZ ls VsDlV fy[krs gSa rFkk ekml ls funsZ’k nsrs gSaA
dhcksMZ vkSj ekml ds vykok Hkh vusd izdkj ds buiqV fMokbZl gksrs gSa] tSls
IokbafVax] ldSfuax] best dSIpfjax vkSj vkWfM;ks&vuiqV fMokbZlA
© ekml % ;g eksfuVj ij utj vkus okys pointer dks fu;af=r djrk gSA vkerksj ij ekml iksbaVj ,d rhj ds #i esa utj vkrk
gS]tks fd application ds vk/kkj ij bldk vkdkj cnyrk jgrk gSA ekml ij ,d] nks ;k rhu cVu gks
ldrs gS] ftuds tfj;s funsZ’kksa ds fodYi ds pqus tkrs gSa vkSj fDyd djus ij
funsZ’k lapkfyr gksrs gSA
© ekml ,d input deivce gSA blds }kjk
dEI;qVj dks funsZ’k ¼command½
fn;k tkrk gSA
© vkÅViqV fMokbZl
%& blds }kjk ifj.kke izkIr gksrk gSA osa
midj.k ftuds ek/;e ls dEI;qVj buiqV MsVk dk izkslsflax ds ckn ifj.kke nsrk gSaA
ftu
fMokbZlks ds ek/;e ls ;wtj }kjk dEI;qVj ij fd;k x;k dk;Z dk mi;ksxh ifj.kke
izkIr gksrk gSa ;k fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA fizUVj] izkstsDVj] Lihdj] izkstsDVj
© vkmViqV fMokbZl %& os gkMZos;j gSa] tks flLVe ;wfuV }kjk izkslsl dh xbZ
lwpuk dk vuqokn ml #i esa djrs gSa ftls ge le> ldsa mUgsa vkmViqV fMokbZl
dgrs gSA vkmViqV fMokbZl dbZ izdkj ds gksrs gSaA ftuesa ekWuhVj] fizaVj rFkk
vkWfM;ks&vkmViqV fMokbZl vke rkSj ij mi;ksx esa fy;s tkrs gSA
©
eSFl ¼xf.kr½ dk izkslslj& xf.kr dh leL;kvksa dks gy djus ds fy;s ;g flLVe ilZuy
dEI;wVjksa esa gh gksrk gSA
©
jSe fpIl& tc dEI;wVj ij dksbZ izksxzke py jgk gksrk gS ml izksxzke ds funsZ'kksaa
vkSj muls lacaf/kr MsVk dks Le`fr d{k esa vLFkk;h rkSj ij lqjf{kr j[krk gSA
rkfd lh-ih-;w viuk dk;Z rhoz xfr ls dj ldsA tSls gh vki ih-lh dks vkWQ djsaxs
rks jSe ds vanj ds lkjs MsVk lso u djus ij lekIr gks tkrs gSa] lso djus ij MsVk
gkMZ fMLd esa LFkk;h rkSj ij lqjf{kr gks tkrs gSaA
©
,eIVh jSe fpi LykWV~l& jSe fpi dks yxk dj Le`fr d{k dk foLrkj fd;k tk ldrk gSA
©
fMLd MªkbZo daVªksy dkMZ& ;g dkMZ ih-lh- dh gkMZ fMLd esa vkWdMksa ds
LFkkukarjksa dks fu;af=r djrk gSA
©
fMLIys@fizaVj ,MsIVj dkMZ& dEI;wVj tks Hkh lwpuk LØhu ij n'kkZrk gS] bldh Le`fr esa
lafpr jgrh gSA ;g dkMZ ih-lh dks eseksjh
ekWuhVj vkSj fizaVj cuk, j[krk gSA
©
Lihdj& blls deI;wVj
ds lh-ih-;w ls lans'k vkrs gSaA
©
Hardware and software nksuks ls computer cuk gSaA dkWEku lkW¶Vos;kj
dks vko';drk ds fy, order nsdj cuk;k tkrk gSaA tSls cipa iqfyl ds fy,] jsYos cqfdax ds fy,] cSad ds fy,] vyx&vyx order nsdj dkWEku lkW¶Vos;kj cuk;k tkrk gSaA
©
gkMZos;j ,.M lkW¶Vos;j es vUrj %& 1 gkMZos;j %
bles os fMokbl tks fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa ftudks Nw ldrs gSaA tks fQthdy QkWeZ es
gksrs gSaA tSls % ekml( dh cksMZ( lh ih ;w ( eksfuVj bR;kfn A 2 lkW¶Vos;j % os
fMokbl tks fn[kkbZ ugh nsrs gSa ftudks Nw ugha ldrs ( dsoy esglwl fd;k tk ldrk
gSaA
©
gkMZos;j (Hardware) %& dEI;qVj ds os fMokbl ¼midj.k½ HkSfrd
:i es ekStwn jgrs gSaA tks fn[kkbZ nsrs
gSa] ftudks Nw ldrs gSa vFkkZr os fMokbl tks Qhthdy QkWeZ esa gksrs gSA
gkMZos;j dgykrs gSA tSls &ekml] dh cksMZ] eksfuVj] lh0 ih0 ;w0 A
© Lkks¶Vos;j (Software) :- os fMokbl tks fn[kkbZ ugha nsrs gSa] ftudks Nw ugha ldrs
gksa dsoy eglwl fd;k tk ldrk gS MsVk o funsZ'kks ds leqg
dks izksxzke dgrs gSaA rFkk izksxzke ds leqg dks lks¶Vos;j dgrs gSaA 2- dEI;qVj esa ,d
;k ,d ls vf/kd izksxzkeksa ds lewg ftuls fdlh fo'ks"k m)s'; dk fuokj.k
fd;k tk lds mls lkW¶Vos;j dgk tkrk gS A ;gka lkW¶Vos;j dks nks cMs Hkkx esa
foHkkftr fd;k tk ldrk gS 1. Application
Software, 2. System Software
© lkW¶Vos;j % dEI;qVj ls dk;Z djokus ds fy;s gesa dEI;qVj dks crkuk iM+rk
gSa fd mls D;k djuk gSA bl dk;Z ds fy;s gesa dEI;qVj dks funsZ’k nsus iM+rs gS]
bu funsZ’kksa ds leqg dks software dgrs
gSaA
Software
|
|
||||||
System
software
|
|
Application
software
|
|
Common
software
|
|||
© flLVe lkW¶Vos;j
(System Software) %& dEI;qVj dks lapkfyr djus ds fy, lkW¶Vos;j dke
es fy;k tkrk gS mls flLVe lkW¶Vos;j dgrs gSaA
© flLVe lkW¶Vos;j
& ,sls izksxzke dk lewg gS] ftlds }kjk dEI;qVj dks o ml ij pyus okys
,fIyds'ku lkW¶Vos;jksa dks fu;fU=r fd;k tkrk gSA bls ekLVj dUVªksy izksxzke Hkh
dgrs gSA ;g dEI;qVj flLVe esa ,d IysVQkWeZ dh rjg gksrk gSA ;g dEI;wVj gkMZos;j
,oa ;qtj ds chp ,d iqy dk dk;Z djrk gSA rFkk gkMZos;j dks dk;Z djus ds fy;s
okrkoj.k rS;kj djrk gSA tSls& Mksl]
foUMkst] ;qfuDl ,oa ykbZusDl flLVe lkW¶Vos;j gSaA
© ,Iyhds’ku lkW¶Vos;j esa vf/kd`r ;wtj (User
authentication in Application Software)- ,sls lkQ¶Vos;j ftuesa dsoy
vf/kd`r ;wtj gh dk;Z dj ldrk gSA buesa vukf/kd`r ;wtj dk;Z ugh dj ldrkA ,sls
lkW¶Vos;j ;wtj ls mldk vkbZ-Mh- o ikloMZ ekaxrs gSa] tc ;wtj viuk vkbZ-Mh- o
ikloMZ nsrk gS rks ,Iyhds’ku lkW¶Vos;j mldh tkWp djrk gS] vxj lkW¶Vos;j esa
;wtj vkbZ-Mh- o ikloMZ feyku dj tkrs gSa rks ;wtj dks dk;Z djus dh izeh’ku fey
tkrh gSA xyr ;wtj vkbZ-Mh- o ikloMZ nsus
ls ,sls ,Iyhds’ku lkW¶Vos;j vukf/kd`r ;wtj dks dk;Z djus dh izeh’ku ugh nsrs
gSaA tSls cSafdax dk ,-Vh-,e- lkW¶Vos;j] lh-lh-vkbZ-,l-] lhik] ih-vkbZ-,l- o
bZ&esy lkW¶Vos;j vkfnA
© ,fIyds'ku lkW¶Vos;j (Application
Software):-
,fIyds'ku lkW¶Vos;j & fdlh fo'ks"k
izdkj ds dk;Z dks iwjk djrs gS] tSl lh-lh-vkbZ-,l] lhik] lh-lh-Vh-,u-,l]
vdkmfVax] jsYos vkj{k.k] deZpfkj;ksa dk osru] vko';d nLrkostksa dks cukuk]
cSadksa ds fglkc fdrkc vkSj xzkfQDl fMtkfuaxA
© dkWeu lkW¶Vos;j (Common Software):- dkWeu lkW¶Vos;j & ,sls lkW¶Vos;j ftudks dksbZ
Hkh ;qtj bLrseky dj ldrk gSA bl rjg ds lkW¶Vos;j esa dk;Z djus ij dksbZ
izfrca/k ugha gksrk gSA tSls& ,Mksc ,djkscsV jhMj] ekbZØkslkW¶V vkWfQl]
ekbZØkslkW¶V foUMkst ,Dlih] ekbZØkslkW¶V foUMkst&2000] bUVjusV ,sDliyksjj]
eksftyk czkmtj] ekbZØksfefM;k ¶ysl] ekbZØkslks¶V ÝUVist vkfnA
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